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The flood was originated mostly because of rainfall and observed the highest ever recorded monsoon rain in Sindh started from Aug 11, 2011 to Sept 14, 2011. So the inundated area increased respectively with rainfall and ceased on Sept 15, 2011 effectively with the stop of rainfall. After Sept 15, 2011 the inundated area was reduced with the rate of 167 km2/day. The floods caused considerable damage; an estimated 434 civilians were killed, with 5.3 million people and 1,524,773 homes affected. Sindh is a fertile region and often called the "breadbasket" of the country; the damage and toll of the floods on the local agrarian economy was extensive. At least 1.7 million acres of arable land was inundated as a result of the flooding.〔 The flooding followed the previous year's historic 2010 Pakistan floods, which devastated the entire country.〔 Unprecedented torrential monsoon rains caused severe flooding in 16 districts of Sindh province.〔(Government of Pakistan ). Pakmet.com.pk. Retrieved on 19 September 2011.〕 ==Causes== In the month of July Pakistan received below normal monsoon rains; however in August and September the country received above normal monsoon rains. A strong weather pattern entered the areas of Sindh from the Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat in August and gained strength with the passage of time and caused heavy downpours. The four weeks of continuous rain have created an unprecedented flood situation in Sindh.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/9/12/reutersworld/20110912153840&sec=reutersworld )〕 The District Badin in Sindh province received record breaking rainfall of during the monsoon spell breaking earlier recorded in Badin in 1936. The area of Mithi also received record rainfall of during the spell, where maximum rainfall was recorded in Mithi in 2004. The heavy cloudburst during last 48–72 hours displaced many people besides destroying crops in the area. The Met Office had informed all district coordination officers, Provincial Disaster Management Authority, chief secretaries and chief ministers about the heavy monsoon rain-spell two days earlier to take precautionary measures. It was found that severe flood occurred in Badin and inundated it by 3820.39 km2, Mirpurkhas by 1836.26 km2, Jacobabad by 1352.32 km2, Shahdadkot by 1597.50 km2, Dadu by 1887.57 km2 and Sanghar by 2494.18 km2, in cumulative. Furthermore the above-mentioned districts contributed 61% of the total inundated area among 23 districts in Sindh.〔 Qamar uz Zaman Chaudhry, Director General Pakistan Meteorological Department said: "the rains in Sindh are the highest ever recorded monsoon rains during the four weeks period of August and September, 2011. Before the start of these rains in the second week of August, Sindh was under severe drought conditions and it had not received any rainfall for the last 12 months. The last severe rainfall flooding in Sindh occurred in July 2003," he said and added, "but this time the devastating rains of Mithi, Mirpurkhas, Diplo, Parker, Nawabshah, Badin, Chhor, Padidan, and Hyderabad etc during the four weeks period have created unprecedented flood situation in Sindh." According to Dr. Qamar, the total volume of water fallen over Sindh during the four weeks is estimated to be above 37 million acre feet, “which is unimaginable.〔 The August monsoon rainfall, over province of Sindh (271% above normal) is the heaviest recorded during the period 1961–2011.〔(Monsoon 2011 ). Pakmet.com.pk. Retrieved on 19 September 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2011 Sindh floods」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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